SPIN AND ELECTRON DENSITY REDISTRIBUTION UPON BINDING OF NON-INNOCENT LIGAND BY IRON IN ENZYMATIC ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES FOR QUANTUM CHEMISTRY

Abstract

The quality of the description of a chemical bond between the metal (active site) and the ligand (substrate) critically depends on the electronic processes accompanying the bond formation. However, as far as transition metal centers (TM) in enzymes are considered, most of the properties related to their electronic structure are extremely challenging for quantum chemistry. Especially severe problems appear for the bonding of NO to ferrous sites, e.g. in myoglobin or non-heme enzymes. Therefore, special care has to be shown in the assessment of a quantum chemical method employed with respect to its power in describing the properties of interest. In this work we discuss spin-resolved Fe-NO charge transfers and their relation to the metal spin state, with special attention paid to the interpretation of the bonding between NO and the transition metal center in terms of dative or covalent contributions; furthermore, the impact of spin and the electron transfer on the reactivity of the center is discussed. The stress is put on the role of the coordinating environment in controlling the reaction mechanism via fine-tuning of the spin and the oxidation status of the metal core. This goes in line with the high significance of spin in enzymatic reaction mechanisms (cf. multi-state reactivity proposed for iron enzymes).