Research on Enterprise in Modern Economy

ERRATIC VIEWS AND POLICY INCONSISTENCY ON PRIVATISATION MODALITIES IN ETHIOPIA: IMPLICATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIRMS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Mohammed Ahmed Endris, Abebe Ejigu Alemu, Abiot Tsegaye Kibret — Thu, 28 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0100

Background and objectives: Since 1991, several state-owned enterprises in distinct categories were transferred to the private sector under the privatisation policy in Ethiopia. The process and its modalities vary. The notion behind the implementation was to transfer those inefficient public-owned firms to the private sector with an expectation of improving defects. But, privatisation processes are neither a one-time incidence nor an immediate action. Privatisation processes are inter-linked with various macro and microeconomic and sometimes socio-political policies, and reforms. In this paper, privatisation modalities, inconsistencies, and arguments regarding the Ethiopian privatisation process are analysed.

Study Design / Material and Methods: Using a systematic literature review process, 50 papers were found and extracted in a methodical manner from PubMed, Ecobiz, and Google Scholar Databases. The analysis was undertaken following systematic categories after taking heterogeneity articles on Ethiopia’s privatisation process into consideration.

Results: The government encompasses large public-owned enterprises in the privatisation process; however, the privatisation modalities and timing are still a point of controversy among scholars. The effective privatisation process required institutional development, and the government’s promises were put to the test. The performance of enterprises was significantly impacted by legal and policy frameworks. The legal framework and consistently unstable nature of Ethiopia’s privatisation history have been observed. It has been observed that the legal framework and consistently unstable nature of Ethiopia’s privatisation history.

Practical implications: This study has a practical contribution and input by giving insights for researchers, practitioners and policy makers for providing alternative privatisation modalities, appropriate for the Ethiopian context.

Conclusion and Summary: The mode of privatisation must be pre-examined and carefully selected by considering important success factors including public interest, objectives of endeavour, and the sustainability of firms. The techniques must consider the nature and characteristics of the firms studied, clarity and well-prepared privatisation options.

WOMEN’S ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN POLAND

Joanna Małecka, Natalia Kopielska — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Background and Objective: When examining women’s economic activity, it should be emphasised that related issues are a relatively new research direction, and an understanding of the specifics of the subject seems particularly important given that the number of women starting businesses in recent decades has been characterised by a permanent upward trend. The aim of this article is to present – against the background of the literature on the subject and empirical data collected by governmental institutions operating in the European Union – the entrepreneurial activity rate of women in Poland over a ten-year period (2012–2021).

Materials and Methods: The article is based on reports and working papers published by Eurostat and the Central Statistical Office (CSO). To calculate the data presented in the publication, mathematical analysis tools were used in the field of comparative research, the occurrence of trends and the indication of existing trends and noticeable increases.

Results: Poland’s twenty-first position compared to other EU Member States points to unlimited development opportunities and the need to support this economic space at every level of economic activity. This conclusion is reinforced by the statistics achieved by the opposite sex - men - which showed an upward trend over the period studied (2012–2021). This is also confirmed by the value of the calculated median female gross salary, which is lower by EUR 126.2 than the median male gross salary in Poland.

Practical implications: A defined indicator of female entrepreneurship will allow recommendations to be tailored for state bodies and local government institutions supporting women’s economic activity in Poland as well as in other EU countries with a similar economic structure.

Conclusion and summary: Visible discrimination against women appears in the analysis of the average gross salary at different organisational levels in Poland, which can be used as an argument to support and create additional aid programmes to support women’s economic activity.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE LEVEL OF MOTIVATIONAL RISK IN POLISH PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY – CASE STUDY

Maria Selwent, Witold Witkowski, Jarosław Wróblewski — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Background and Objective: The negative effects of risk materialise in various areas of an organization’s functioning, and the area of human capital management is particularly important. The cognitive goal of the article was to measure the level of motivational risk in the surveyed company, while the application goal was to develop directions of risk reduction in this area.

Study Design/ Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a Polish pharmaceutical company, because this sector is characterised by a high level of innovation. In our research, the below-mentioned methods were used: analysis and criticism of the literature, analysis of documentation – and the case study method, as well as the techniques: examination
of documents, interview and survey.

Results: Most of the identified symptoms of motivational risk in the surveyed company were characterised by a high or very high level of risk, and in the area of motivation we are dealing with a high level of risk. The sources of motivational risk were also identified, which turned out to be the strategy, structure and culture of this organisation, as well as the way decisions
are made and the preferred profile of the manager.

Conclusion and practical implications: This study adds to our understanding of the relations and intensity of the connection between the way selected dimensions of the organisation are shaped and the level of motivational risk.

SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES: AFRICA AND THE WORLD

Julia Domańska, Marika Cieślińska — Mon, 18 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Background and Objective: There are huge inequalities within the African continent and between Africa and the world in socioeconomic terms. The aim of this article is to disseminate knowledge about the problems of African countries, their causes and effects, as well as to indicate the differences on the socioeconomic level between African regions and Africa
and the world.

Materials and Methods: The article uses the literature sources. The empirical material is the data of the World Bank (OECD, Luxembourg Income Study, data of surveyed households obtained from government statistical agencies). The following research methods were used: descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, statistical data analysis.

Results: The socioeconomic situation in Africa is deteriorating in most indicators, for example GDP per capita or the national current account. Africa still faces many economic challenges, including catching up with the rest of the world and overcoming barriers to development.

Practical Implications: It should be noted that the difficult living conditions in the countries of Africa confirm the results obtained on the basis of the indicators used. The situations existing on this continent cause huge disproportions between African countries and the world.

Conclusion and Summary: Africa’s socioeconomic situation is improving but with little or no change over the years. African countries are only aligning with other selected countries in terms of diplomacy. Other measures do not indicate the presence of convergence.